Dialysis

Dialysis is a medical procedure that is used to perform the functions of the kidneys when the kidneys are no longer able to function adequately. The two main types of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

1. Hemodialysis:
   • Procedure: In hemodialysis, blood is removed from the patient’s body, passed through a dialyzer (a machine that acts as an artificial kidney), and then returned to the body.
   • Access: A vascular access point is created, usually by connecting an artery and a vein, to allow blood to flow to and from the dialyzer.
   • Frequency: Hemodialysis is typically performed at a dialysis center, and it is usually done three times a week, with each session lasting several hours.
   • Purpose: The dialyzer helps remove waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood, mimicking the natural filtration function of the kidneys.
2. Peritoneal Dialysis:
   • Procedure: Peritoneal dialysis involves using the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, as a natural filter. A special dialysis solution is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a catheter, and after a dwell time, it is drained out, taking waste products with it.
   • Access: Peritoneal dialysis uses a catheter implanted in the abdominal wall to access the peritoneal cavity.
   • Frequency: Peritoneal dialysis can be done at home, allowing for more frequent treatments. There are different schedules, such as continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD).
   • Purpose: Similar to hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis helps remove waste products and excess fluids from the body.

Indications for dialysis include end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) where the kidneys are unable to perform their vital functions adequately. Dialysis helps to maintain a balance of electrolytes, remove waste products, and control fluid levels in the body.

It’s important to note that while dialysis is a life-saving procedure, it is not a cure for kidney disease. Kidney transplantation is considered a more permanent solution for some individuals with kidney failure. The choice between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis depends on various factors, including the patient’s overall health, lifestyle, and medical history. The decision is typically made in consultation with healthcare professionals.